Accommodation
Hotels
Since independence there has been a scramble from Western and Estonian firms to turn the old state-run hotels into modern Western-standard enterprises. Many more joint ventures with firms from all over Western Europe and the United States will ensure that the standard of accommodation in Estonia rapidly reaches Western European levels. Outside Tallinn, which for the time being is the main location of the current expansion, Estonia enjoys an adequate range of acceptable accommodation, left over from the pre-independence days or built by Estonian entrepreneurs, including large hotels and smaller pension-type establishments.
Camping
There are over 80 campsites in Estonia. The most popular include: Camping & Motel Peoleo, 12km (7.5 miles) south of Tallinn; Camping Valgerand in Pärnu; and Camping Malvaste on Hiiumaa Island. Standards are improving, though are not yet as high as in Western European countries. Many campsites are open throughout the year.
Rural Accommodation
The Estonian Rural Tourism Association provides accommodation in the countryside across Estonia, from farm-stays to local bed & breakfasts.
Youth Hostels
The majority of youth hostels have saunas and seminar facilities.
Apartments and Self Catering
Villas, apartments, cottages and houses are available in Tallinn. Prices vary according to specification.
Accommodation information
Estonian Hotel and Restaurant AssociationKirku 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia Tel: (6) 411 428.Website: www.ehrl.ee Estonian Rural Tourism AssociationVilmsi 53b, 10147 Tallinn, Estonia Tel: (6) 009 999.Website: www.maaturism.eeEstonian Youth Hostels AssociationNatva mnt., 10120 Tallinn, Estonia Tel: (6) 461 455.Website: www.baltichostels.net/eyha.html
Business
•
GDP: $19.23 billion.•
Main exports: Machinery equipment, foodstuffs, furniture, wood/paper and textiles.• Main imports: Transportation equipment, textiles and foodstuff.•
Main trade partners: China, Finland, Germany, Japan, Scandanavia and Sweden.
Economy
Economic autonomy was a key demand from Estonia during the negotiations that led to its independence. The Baltic states were the most prosperous areas of the former Soviet Union and they were keen to develop economic links with their Western neighbours outside the straitjacket of central planning. Other than oil-shale, which is present in significant quantities and provides the basis of the country’s power generation, Estonia has few raw materials of its own and relies mostly on imported commodities to produce finished goods. Light machinery, electrical and electronic equipment and consumer goods are the main products. Fishing, forestry and dairy farming dominate the agricultural sector. Estonia’s infrastructure, particularly the road network, is well-developed by regional standards. Post-Soviet economic policy has followed a customary pattern of deregulation and privatisation. In June 1992, Estonia became the first former Soviet Republic to introduce its own currency, the Kroon, which is the legal tender and is now fixed in value to the Euro. Estonia’s service sector was the most developed in the former USSR, and has since expanded further with increased tourism and Western investment. There is a thriving financial services industry. Estonia is also famous for its high-tech business sector. Overall, trade with the West has increased dramatically with important trading partners (as above). Despite this, Estonia still has fundamental economic links with the Russian Federation, and the 1998 Russian economic crisis led to a recession in Estonia the following year. Growth in 2004, however, was around 5 per cent. In 1999, Estonia joined the World Trade Organisation, adding to its previous membership of the IMF, World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In May 2004, Estonia, along with its Baltic neighbours and seven other countries, achieved a long-cherished ambition when it joined the European Union.
Business Etiquette
Prior appointments are necessary. Business is conducted formally. Business cards are exchanged after introduction. Office hours: Mon-Fri 0800-1800.
Commercial Information
Estonian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryToom Kooli 17, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia Tel: (6) 460 244.Website: www.koda.ee
Climate
Climate
Temperate climate, but with considerable temperature variations. Summer is warm with relatively mild weather in spring and autumn. Winter, which lasts from November to mid-March, can be very cold. Rainfall is distributed throughout the year with the heaviest rainfall in August. Heavy snowfalls are common in the winter months.
Required clothing
Light- to mediumweights are worn during the summer months. Medium- to heavyweights are needed during winter. Rainwear is advisable all year.
Communications
Telephone
IDD service is available. Country code: 372. Public telephones, which are plentiful, are operated by phonecards, available from kiosks.
Mobile telephone
Roaming agreements exist with most international mobile phone companies. Good coverage.
Internet
Public access is available at Internet cafes and libraries in main towns and cities. There is free Internet access at Tallinn Airport.
Post
Post to Western Europe takes up to six days. Post office hours: Mon-Fri 0900-1800, Sat 0930-1500 (central post office: Mon-Fri 0800-1900, Sat 0900-1700).
MEDIA
Newspapers proliferated in the post-independence years of the early 1990s but smaller publications then struggled to survive. Broadcasting witnessed spectacular growth after 1991, attracting a number of foreign players; the two main commercial TV stations are owned by Swedish and Norwegian concerns. Public radio and TV services are run by Eesti Televisioon (ETV) and Eesti Raadio (ER). Take-up of cable TV is extensive. The service offers channels in Finnish, Swedish, Russian and Latvian. Press: Newspapers are published in Estonian, the most popular being Eesti Ekspress, Postimees and SL Ôhtuleht. Estoniya is published in Russian. The English-language newspaper The Baltic Times is published in Latvia and available weekly. TV: Eesti Televisioon is public; TV3 and Kanal 2 are privately-owned.Radio: Public station Eesti Raadio operates four networks including flagship station Vikerraadio; Raadio Elmar is a private, music-based station; Kuku Radio was Estonia's first privately-owned station.
Duty Free
The following goods may be imported into Estonia without incurring customs duty, by persons aged 18 or over: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250g tobacco; 1l of alcohol over 22 per cent or 2l of alcohol up to 22 per cent and 2l of wine; 10kg of foodstuffs.
Note
Restrictions apply to certain items, including plants and vegetable products, meat, milk, firearms, diamonds and antiques. Contact the authorities for further information (tel: (6) 967 436; website: www.customs.ee).
Abolition of duty free goods within the EU
On 30 June 1999, the sale of duty free alcohol and tobacco at airports and at sea was abolished in all of the original 15 EU member states. Of the 10 new member states that joined the EU on 1 May 2004, these rules already apply to Cyprus and Malta. There are transitional rules in place for visitors returning to one of the original 15 EU countries from one of the other new EU countries. But for the original 15, plus Cyprus and Malta, there are no limits imposed on importing tobacco and alcohol products from one EU country to another. Travellers should note that they may be required to prove at customs that the goods purchased are for personal use only.
Entertainment
Food & Drink
Hors d'oeuvres are very good and often the best part of the meal. National specialities:• Sült (jellied veal).• Täidetud vasikarind (roast stuffed shoulder of veal).• Rosolje (vinaigrette with herring and beets). • Braised goose stuffed with apples and plums. • Solid rye bread.• Estonian wild mushroom soup.National drinks:• Saare beer (dark and heavy yet tasty).• Mulled wine.Legal drinking age: The legal drinking age is 21.Tipping: Taxi fares and restaurant bills include a tip.
Nightlife
Tallinn is used to entertaining daytrippers from Finland and has a wide range of restaurants, cafes and bars. There is also an opera and ballet theatre.
Shopping
Amber and local folk art are good buys. Craft markets sell traditional handmade thick wool jumpers. Shopping hours: Mon-Fri 0900-1800. Many shops are also open at the weekend. In larger towns, some shops have longer opening hours.
Health
Health
Other risks
Hepatitis A occurs. Cases of diphtheria have been reported. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is advisable if visiting forested areas. Precautions should be taken against tuberculosis, as cases of this disease have increased. HIV testing is required for foreigners requesting work permits or residency. Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay. For more information, consult the Health appendix.
Health care
European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland: If you or any of your dependants are suddenly taken ill or have an accident during a visit to an EEA country or Switzerland, free or reduced-cost necessary treatment is available – in most cases on production of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Each country has different rules about state medical provision. In some, treatment is free. In many countries you will have to pay part or all of the cost, and then claim a full or partial refund. The EHIC gives access to state-provided medical treatment only and the scheme gives no entitlement to medical repatriation costs, nor does it cover ongoing illnesses of a non-urgent nature, so comprehensive travel insurance is advised. Note that the EHIC replaces the Form E111, which is no longer valid.You will have to pay part of the cost of any treatment you receive from doctors and dentists, including home visits from a doctor. The charges are not refundable. Children under 19 can get free dental treatment, and adults do not have to pay for teeth to be removed or abscesses lanced. You will be charged a standard fee for prescriptions. Sometimes, you will also have to pay a percentage of the costs above the standard fee. If the medicine is not on the national list of medicinal products, you will have to pay the full costs. This is not refundable. Hospital treatment: if you are admitted as an in-patient, you will have to pay a fee of up to EEK25 per day for up to 10 days per hospitalisation. There is no in-patient fee for children below the age of 19, cases related to pregnancy and childbirth, and intensive care. Ambulance travel is free in an emergency. Over the counter medicines are available at pharmacies in every town. Pharmacies are open from Mon-Fri 1000-1900 and one stays open all night in Pärnu. It is suggested travellers bring their own supply with proof in the form of a prescription or a doctor's note. However, customs will only allow five medicines per traveller in their original packaging. More information can be obtained from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund (Eesti Haigekassa) (website: www.haigekassa.ee/eng).
History and Government
History
The history of Estonia – and indeed of the other Baltic States – has been one of constant struggle to maintain independence and national integrity against the predatory instincts of larger neighbours. The Vikings passed through the territory in the ninth century. Over the next few centuries, both the Danes and Swedes tried and failed to force Christianity upon the Livs tribe, which dominated the region. They eventually succumbed to Bishop Albert of Buxhoevden, at the turn of the 13th century. During the Middle Ages, Danish influence was at a peak in the Baltic region. After the Livonian War of the 1550s (Livonia was the area covering modern Latvia and the southern part of Estonia), a period that involved Denmark, Sweden, Poland and Russia in a disputed succession and rival territorial claims, Estonia was taken by the Swedish King Gustavus. The 16th and 17th centuries marked the high point of Swedish imperial power. The Russians were determined, however, to secure a ‘window onto the Baltic’ for economic as well as strategic reasons. Estonia was duly acquired by the Russians from Sweden, at the Treaty of Nystadt, in 1721. Russia remained in control of Estonia until shortly after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. At the treaty of Brest-Litovsk the following year, which brought an end to Russian involvement in World War I, Estonia was ceded. The new Soviet government at first refused to recognise Estonian independence but gave way in February 1920. The new state – along with its Baltic neighbours, Lithuania and Latvia – enjoyed just two decades of independent statehood before the Soviet Union took control under the 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact. Soviet ownership lasted barely 12 months before Estonia was conquered in the German invasion of the Soviet Union. It was retaken by the Red Army in 1944, after which Estonia was constituted as one of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics. Four decades passed before the advent of Mikhail Gorbachev who, as Communist Party General Secretary, offered the prospect of change for the Baltic States. A key part of the perestroika (economic reform) programme was the devolution of power to the republics. Estonia led the way among the Baltic States, assisted by the collaboration between nationalist groups and the Communist Party, who joined together in a People’s Front (analogous bodies emerged in Latvia and Lithuania) to orchestrate change. Having asserted the right to make their own legislation, measures to establish an Estonian currency – preparatory to full economic autonomy – and to restore Estonian as the official language quickly followed. In March 1990, the Estonian Communist Party voted in favour of full independence from the Soviet Union but allowed for a six-month transitional period before making the decision final. President Gorbachev was strongly opposed but ultimately powerless – barring military intervention – to prevent the Estonian drive for independence. Rapid international recognition of Estonia as a sovereign state, followed by admission to the United Nations, completed the transition to full nationhood. In June 1992, Estonia scored two more firsts with the introduction of its own currency, the Kroon, and of a new post-Soviet constitution. The constitution was first put to the test in September 1992. The legislative elections produced an inconclusive result. Isamaa (Fatherland Alliance) formed a coalition government with two other parties; party leader Mart Laar became premier. Laar is one of a small group of prominent politicians who have dominated Estonian politics through the series of coalition administrations, which have governed the country since independence. They include Tiit Vahi, leader of the left-leaning Coalition Party, Arnold Ruutel who became president in 2001, and the Centre Party pair – known by its acronym Kesk
– of Edgar Savisaar and Mart Siimann. Laar is acknowledged as probably the most successful of these, taking much credit for guiding Estonia through major political and economic changes. Kesk remains the largest party following the most recent general election held in March 2003, but was excluded from office by a three-party coalition led by the conservative grouping Res Publica under the premiership of Juhan Parts. Abroad, successive Estonian governments, irrespective of their make up, have been careful to maintain good relations with Russia while its main priorities have lain to the west: specifically, securing membership of NATO and the European Union. In July 1997, Estonia became an associate member of the EU as the first major step to becoming a full member. Negotiations proceeded rapidly thereafter, and Estonia was scheduled to join, along with nine other countries including its Baltic neighbours, in May 2004. The final decision was conditional on the outcome of a national referendum which was held in September 2003 and returned a large majority in favour of membership.
Government
A new constitution was accepted in a referendum in June 1992, under which a 101-seat National Assembly is elected by popular vote. The Assembly’s members elect a President and Council of Ministers who share executive responsibilities.
Money
Currency
Estonian Kroon (EEK) = 100 senti. Notes are in denominations of EEK500, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 1. Coins are in denominations of EEK5 and 1, and 50, 20, 10 and 5 senti.
Currency exchange
All major currencies can be exchanged at banks and bureaux de change. The value of the Kroon has been tied to the Euro. There are ATMs in most towns.
Credit & debit cards
Credit cards are widely accepted. Check with your credit or debit card company for details of merchant acceptability and other services which may be available. Most banks will give cash advances on credit cards with a passport.
Traveller's cheques
Traveller's cheques can be changed in banks in most larger towns. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take traveller's cheques in US Dollars, Pounds Sterling or Euros. The most widely accepted traveller's cheques are Amex, Thomas Cook and Eurocheque.
Currency restrictions
There are no restrictions on the import or export of either local or foreign currency.
Exchange rate indicators
DateAt time of publishing£1.00=23.15$1.00=13.10
Banking hours
Mon-Fri 0900-1600, Sat 0900-1500; hours may vary. Most banks are usually closed, however currency exchange offices are open on Sat 0900-1500 and some on Sundays. The main banks in Estonia who serve tourists are Hansapank, Sampo Pank and Uhispank.
Overview
Country Overview
Estonia, a country of great scenic beauty with many forests, lakes and islands, is bordered by the Baltic Sea, the Russian Federation and Latvia. Tallinn, the ancient Hanseatic city and capital, has many historical and architectural monuments, particularly in the old town centre which is dominated by the steeple of the medieval Town Hall (14th – 15th centuries), the oldest in northern Europe. Two hours' drive from Tallinn is Pärnu, a small 13th-century town on the banks of the Pärnu River. Known as a seaport and health resort, its attractions include a theatre and a 3km-long (2 mile) sandy beach. Haapsalu, a small town on the western coast, has been a well-known resort since the 19th century, featuring romantic wooden houses and tree-lined avenues. Lahemaa National Park, is extremely popular. It contains mostly virgin forest with beautiful lakes, rivers, fishing villages and historic manor houses. Local specialities include sült (jellied veal) and rosolje (vinaigrette with herring and beets). Tallinn has a wide range of restaurants, cafes and bars. Opera, ballet and classical music performances are given regularly.
OverviewII
Estonia, bordered by the Baltic Sea, the Russian Federation and Latvia, and the most northerly of the three former Soviet Baltic republics, is a country of great scenic beauty with many forests, lakes and islands. The history of Estonia – and indeed of the other Baltic States – has been one of constant struggle to maintain independence and national integrity against the predatory instincts of larger neighbours. The Russians who were determined to secure a ‘window onto the Baltic’ for economic as well as strategic reasons acquired Estonia from Sweden, at the Treaty of Nystadt, in 1721. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union during World War Two, Estonia became one of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics. Four decades passed before the advent of Mikhail Gorbachev who, as Communist Party General Secretary, offered the prospect of change for the Baltic States. In March 1990, the Estonian Communist Party voted in favour of full independence from the Soviet Union but allowed for a six-month transitional period before making the decision final. Rapid international recognition of Estonia as a sovereign state, followed by admission to the United Nations, completed the transition to full nationhood. Estonia joined the European Union in 2004. Estonia is an unspoilt, sparsely populated country, nearly half of which is covered with forests. Wetlands, together with primeval forests, represent preserved communities which have for the most part been destroyed in Europe. More than 1000 lakes (5 per cent of the Estonian territory) dot the countryside, which is relatively flat – almost two thirds of the territory lies less than 50m (164ft) above sea level. While seven thousand rivers and streams carry rainwater to the sea, bogs and wooded swamplands of different types cover over one fifth of the country – a world index topped only by the northern neighbour, Finland.
Passport/Visa
Passport/Visa
PASSPORT
Passport valid for at least three months beyond length of stay required by all except:1. EU/EEA nationals (EU + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway) and Swiss nationals holding a valid national ID card. Note: EU and EEA nationals are only required to produce evidence of their EU/EEA nationality and identity in order to be admitted to any EU/EEA Member State. This evidence can take the form of a valid national passport or national identity card. Either is acceptable. Possession of a return ticket, any length of validity on their document, sufficient funds for the length of their proposed visit should not be imposed.
VISA
Required by all except the following: (a) nationals of the EU and Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland with valid passport or personal ID card;(b) 2. nationals of Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong (SAR), Israel, Korea (Rep), Japan, Macau (SAR), Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Romania, San Marino, Singapore, Uruguay, USA, Vatican City and Venezuela for stays of up to three months in a six month period;(c) nationals of South Africa when holding a visa for Latvia or Lithuania.
Note
Visitors arriving on cruise ships to Estonian ports from 1 May to 31 October will be able to enter Estonia for a period of 12 hours without a visa. The cruise ship must be stopping at an Estonian harbour for no more than 72 hours and the visitors must have a valid travel document recognised by Estonia. Tourists can disembark only if their name is on a list guaranteed by the ship’s Captain and previously presented to the Border Guard.
Types of visa and cost
Short-term: Single-entry: £14 (up to 30 days); £24 (up to 90 days); Multiple-entry: £17 (up to 30 days); £24 (up to 90 days); £34 (up to one year). Transit: £17. Airport transit: £14; Long term visa:
£55 (one year).
Validity
Transit: Up to 48 hours. Single-entry: Up to six months. Multiple-entry: Up to five years. Long term: Up to one year. In the case of South Africans, visas for Estonia are also valid for Latvia and Lithuania and vice versa.
Applications to
Consulate (or Consular section at Embassy); see Passport/Visa Information. Applications must be made in person.
Application requirements
(a) One completed application form. (b) Passport valid for at least three months after expiry of visa, and with at least two blank pages. (c) One colour passport-size photo. (d) Fee. (e) Health insurance (with coverage of at least EEK160,000) valid for entire duration of stay. (f) Documents confirming purpose of visit (visa invitation, letter of invitation, travel vouchers, documents confirming employment or similar). (g) Proof of sufficient funds (equal to one-fifth of the minimum monthly wage [currently &Euro;33] for every day of planned stay in Estonia). (h) Documents confirming accommodation. (i) A receipt proving the payment of state fees. Note: All documents must be original. Children 15 years and over must possess their own travel documents with a recent photo.
Working days required
Up to 30. Postal applications are possible if there is no Estonian Embassy in country of residence.
Passport/Visa Information
Embassy of the Republic of Estonia in the UK16 Hyde Park Gate, London SW7 5DG, UK Tel: (020) 7589 3428. Website: www.estonia.gov.ukOpening hours: Mon-Fri 0900-1700 (embassy); Mon and Fri 1000-1300, Tue and Thurs 1300-1600 (consular section). Embassy of the Republic of Estonia in the USA2131 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA Tel: (202) 588 0101.Website: www.estemb.org Consulate of the Republic of Estonia in the USA600 Third Avenue, 26th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA Tel: (212) 883 0636. Website: www.nyc.estemb.org
Public Holidays
Public Holidays
Below are listed Public Holidays for the period January 2006-June 2007.Jan 1 2006 New Year’s Day. Feb 24 Independence Day. Apr 14 Good Friday. May 1 May Day. Jun 23 Victory Day. Jun 24 Midsummer’s Day. Aug 20 Restoration of Independence Day. Dec 25-26 Christmas. Jan 1 2007 New Year’s Day. Feb 24 Independence Day. Apr 6 Good Friday. May 1 May Day. Jun 23 Victory Day (Anniversary of the Battle of Võnnu). Jun 24 Midsummer’s Day.
Resorts & Excursions
Introduction
Tallinn
An ancient Hanseatic city and the capital of Estonia, Tallinn has a wealth of historical and architectural monuments, particularly in the old town centre which is dominated by the soaring steeple of the medieval Town Hall (14th to 15th centuries), the oldest in northern Europe. More than two-thirds of the original City Wall still stands and a superb view of the narrow streets, the gabled roofs and the towers and spires of old Tallinn is afforded from Toompea Castle, situated on a cliff top. A favourite recreation spot is Kadriorg Park, which contains the palace built for Peter the Great. The Open Air Museum offers visitors a glimpse into the way of rural life in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Pärnu
About two hours’ drive from Tallinn is Pärnu, a small town situated on the banks of the Pärnu River where it emerges into the Gulf of Riga. Established in the 13th century, the town is known as a seaport and a health resort. Among its attractions are its theatre and its 3km- (2 mile-) long sandy beach, which is very popular with Estonians.
Tartu
Estonia’s second-largest city lies about 176km (110 miles) from Tallinn on the Emajõgi River. The city has a very old university and other sights include the Vyshgorod Cathedral (13th to 15th centuries), the Town Hall (18th century) and the university’s Botanical Garden.
Narva
One of the oldest towns in Estonia. Situated on the western banks of the River Narva, it was first mentioned in the chronicle of Novgorod. The Herman Castle is the oldest architectural monument and the city museum, which is situated in the castle, is well worth seeing.
Beyond the cities
Haapsalu is a small town on the western coast and has been a well-known resort since the 19th century. It is the ideal place to get away from it all with its romantic wooden houses and tree-lined avenues. Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia. On here and on Hiiumaa (Estonia’s second-largest island) one can see old windmills, stone churches, fishing villages and a restored Episcopal castle dating back to the 13th century. Mustvee, situated on the shores of the beautiful and vast Lake Peipsi, and Kuremäe, the site of the only functioning convent in Estonia, are also well worth a visit.
National Parks
Lahema National Park (70km/44 miles from Tallinn) is one of Estonia’s three national parks, with almost totally unspoiled and untouched forest and swamps, picturesque old fishing villages and historic manor houses. The other two national parks are the Soomaa National Park and the Vilandsi National Park. There are also several nature reserves and protected areas. For further details, see Sport & Activities section.
Sport & Activities
Nature and Wildlife
Estonia is an unspoilt, sparsely populated country, nearly half of which is covered with forests. Around a dozen national parks and protected areas provide opportunities for nature lovers to explore the countryside. Information centres at each reserve can provide advice and maps. Popular among both Estonians and tourists is Lahemaa National Park, the country’s largest national park. Situated on the northern coast, it contains limestone cliffs, waterfalls, lakes and forests. Bog walks can be undertaken in this area. Walkways on wooden boards give visitors the opportunity to observe the special flora and fauna of the deep peat bogs. In Soomaa National Park, near Pärnu, the ancient bogs (said to be inhabited by witches) can be explored in traditional canoes. Estonian wildlife includes large mammals such as lynx, bears, wolves and elk. Birdlife is abundant, and birdwatchers are well catered for in reserves such as the Käina Bay Bird Reserve and Matsalu Nature Reserve. Eagles, storks and a variety of wetland birds are among the species to be seen. Butterflies are also numerous in parts of Estonia.
Trainspotting
Owing to the wide-gauge track, unusual trains can be spotted, an activity popular amongst local people. The National Railway Museum in Haapsalu is a source of information for trainspotters. Behind the museum, a ‘train graveyard’ contains vehicles of special interest to train buffs. There is even the opportunity to spend the night in a former luxury sleeping car, used to transport Communist Party members in the Soviet era, and now turned into a youth hostel.
Watersports
Swimming is popular all over Estonia. The beaches are often long and wide with white sand; pools and lakes abound in the interior of the country. In the north of the country, it is possible to find small coves used for nude bathing, though there are no designated areas for this. Fishing is very popular and boating widely practised.
Other
Good hiking and cycling spots include Saaremaa Island, which has remained particularly unspoiled, owing to the fact that, in the Soviet era, even Estonians required a visa to visit it. Horse riding is widely practiced. Otepää in the southeast, with its lakes and forests, is a good location for all outdoor activities in the summer and for skiing in the winter. Canoeing can be arranged with specialist companies. Trips usually last one to three days and the price includes equipment hire. There is an international-standard golf course at Niitivälja, 34km (21 miles) from Tallinn. It is closed in winter. Basketball is also very popular, as are cross-country skiing and football.
Top Things To Do
Top things to do
• Relax in Haapsalu, a small town on the western coast which has been a well-known resort since the 19th century. It is the ideal place to get away from it all with its romantic wooden houses and tree-lined avenues. • Explore the countryside and see unspoiled forest and swamps, picturesque old fishing villages and historic manor houses in one of Estonia’s three national parks. Situated on the northern coast, Lahema National Park (70km/44 miles from Tallinn), the country’s largest national park, contains limestone cliffs, waterfalls, lakes and forests. Bog walks can be undertaken in this area. Walkways on wooden boards give visitors the opportunity to observe the special flora and fauna of the deep peat bogs. In the Soomaa National Park, near Pärnu, the ancient bogs (said to be inhabited by witches) can be explored in traditional canoes. The third park is the Vilandsi National Park. Estonian wildlife includes large mammals such as lynx, bears, wolves and elk. Birdlife is abundant, and birdwatchers are well catered for in reserves such as the Käina Bay Bird Reserve and Matsalu Nature Reserve. Eagles, storks and a variety of wetland birds are among the species to be seen. Butterflies are also numerous in parts of Estonia.• Trainspotting: Owing to the wide-gauge track, unusual trains can be spotted, an activity popular amongst local people. The National Railway Museum in Haapsalu is a source of information for trainspotters. Behind the museum, a ‘train graveyard’ contains vehicles of special interest. • Swimming is popular all over Estonia. The beaches are often long and wide with white sand; pools and lakes abound in the interior of the country. In the north of the country, it is possible to find small coves used for nude bathing, though there are no designated areas for this. •
Fishing and boating are very popular.•
Hike or cycle on unspoiled Saaremaa Island.•
Otepää in the southeast, with its lakes and forests, is a good location to practise outdoor activities and for skiing in the winter. Canoeing can be arranged with specialist companies.
Tourist Information
Estonian Tourist Board1315 Liivalaia Street, 10118 Tallinn, Estonia Tel: (6) 279 770.Website: www.visitestonia.com
Top Things To See
Top things to see
•
Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is an ancient Hanseatic city. Discover its wealth of historical and architectural monuments, particularly in the old town centre which is dominated by the soaring steeple of the medieval Town Hall (14th to 15th centuries), the oldest in northern Europe. More than two-thirds of the original City Wall still stands and a superb view of the narrow streets, the gabled roofs and the towers and spires of old Tallinn is afforded from Toompea Castle, situated on a cliff top. A favourite recreation spot is Kadriorg Park, which contains the palace built for Peter the Great. The Open Air Museum offers visitors a glimpse into the way of rural life in the 18th and 19th centuries.• Drive to Pärnu, about two hours’ from Tallinn, a small town situated on the banks of the Pärnu River where it emerges into the Gulf of Riga. Established in the 13th century, the town is known as a seaport and a health resort. Among its attractions are its theatre and its 3km- (2 mile-) long sandy beach..•
Tartu is Estonia’s second-largest city, about 176km (110 miles) from Tallinn on the Emajõgi River. Visit the city's old university. Other sights include the Vyshgorod Cathedral (13th to 15th centuries), the Town Hall (18th century) and the university’s Botanical Garden.• Head for Narva, one of the oldest towns in Estonia, situated on the western banks of the River Narva. The Herman Castle is the oldest architectural monument and the city museum, which is situated in the castle, is well worth seeing.• See old windmills, stone churches, fishing villages and a restored Episcopal castle dating back to the 13th century on Saaremaa, the largest island in Estonia.Hiiumaa (Estonia’s second-largest island) is also worth a visit. • Visit Mustvee, situated on the shores of the beautiful and vast Lake Peipsi, and Kuremäe, the site of the only functioning convent in Estonia.
Tourist Information
Estonian Tourist Board1315 Liivalaia Street, 10118 Tallinn, Estonia Tel: (6) 279 770.Website: www.visitestonia.com
Travel - Internal
Air
There are domestic flights from Tallinn to the islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa (this service does not operate during the winter). Charter flights operate between Tartu and Tallinn and the daily Baltic Ekspress runs between Tallinn and Warsaw. The Baltic Aeroservice links Tallinn with Kärdla and Kuressaare. Prices vary, though these services are expensive.
Sea/River
Frequent ferry services connect the mainland with the larger islands, and boats operate on Lake Peipsi and the Emajõgi River.
Rail
The rail system is underdeveloped but most major cities are connected to the network. Rail services to Tartu take about three hours (express trains 2 hours 30 minutes) from Tallinn.
Road
Estonia has a high density of roads although there are few major highways. Signs are not illuminated and fairly small, so driving at night is best avoided. Car headlights must be used 24 hours a day. Lead-free and 4-star petrol are widely available and a good network of petrol stations (many of them open 24 hours) has been developed. Payment is in local currency or by credit card. Traffic drives on the right. The minimum driving age is 18. Bus: There is a wide network covering most of the country, including express services. Prices are very low and buses are still the most important means of transport. The buses to and from Tallinn are generally quite fast and there are more of them compared to the other cities. There are seven buses a day travelling to Pärnu. Tickets bought from the driver are more expensive (EEK15) then if bought on a newsstand (EEK10). Travellers can also buy a 10 ticket package for EEK80. Travellers can buy anything from a one-hour ticket to a three-day ticket. Buses tend to be overcrowded. Tickets for minivans have to be paid for on board. Buses, trolleys and trams run from Sun-Sat 0600-2300. Taxi: Private taxis must display the name of the company and their number on the roof. Fares should be agreed upon beforehand. Marshrut-taxis are minibuses which operate on fixed routes stopping on request. They can take up to 10 people. Car hire: Can be arranged at the airport or in Tallinn. Available from Avis, Europcar, Hertz, National and Sixt. Parking: Parking on streets in the city, the old town and the Pirita area must be paid for. The first 15 minutes is for free. Travellers can purchase a parking ticket from a roadside machine. In some areas tickets are sold by parking wardens. Prices vary from EEK3 for 15 minutes to EEK2500 for a month pass. Regulations: Speed limits are 120kph (74mph) on some roads, 90kph (55mph) outside built-up areas and 50kph (31mph) in built-up areas. Documentation: EU nationals should be in possession of an EU or national driving licence and insurance.
Urban
Taxis in Tallinn are inexpensive. All parts of the city are served by bus, trolley-bus and tram. Tickets can be bought at stalls in the main shopping areas.
Travel - International
Air
The national airline is Estonian Air (OV) (website: www.estonian-air.ee), which operates six direct flights a week (everyday except Saturday) between Gatwick and Tallinn. For more information, contact the Estonian Air office in the UK (tel: (020) 7333 0196).
Approximate flight times
From Tallinn to London is approximately three hours, to Frankfurt/M is approximately two hours 30 minutes, to Los Angeles is approximately 22 hours (via Helsinki), and to New York is approximately 13 hours 30 minutes (via Helsinki).
Main airports
Tallinn (TLL) (website: www.tallinn-airport.ee) is located 5km (3 miles) northwest of the city. To/from the airport: Buses run between the city and the airport (travel time – 15 minutes). A shuttle bus to the main hotels and the city centre meets all flights. Taxis are also available. Facilities: Banks/bureaux de change, duty-free shops, shops, post office, restaurants, two business lounges, tourist information and car hire. Kärdla (KDL) (website: www.hiiumaa.ee) is located 5km (3 miles) east of the city. To/from the airport: Taxis run from central Kärdla to the airport (travel time - 20 minutes). Facilities: Banks/bureaux de change, post office, tourist information, car hire, travel agent, parking, a hotel and restaurants/bars.
Departure tax
None.
Sea
Main ports: Tallinn (website: www.portoftallinn.com). Ferries operate between Tallinn and Helsinki (Finland) (travel time – 3 hours 45 minutes), Stockholm (Sweden) (travel time – 11 hours) and Rostock (Germany) in high season (travel time – 21 hours). Express services run between Tallinn and Helsinki in the high season.
Rail
Estonian Railways (Eesti Raudtee) (website: www.evr.ee) is underdeveloped, although there is a route on the EVR Express between St Petersburg (Russian Federation) and Talinn. There is no longer a train route between Estonia and Latvia. Travel is slower than by bus. Children up to seven years may travel free if accompanied by an adult and not taking a separate seat.
Road
There are direct routes along the Baltic coast into Latvia, Lithuania and Kaliningrad, and also east into the Russian Federation. Routes into the Baltic states are via Poland and Belarus or Poland and Lithuania; border points: Terespol (Poland) – Brest (Belarus) and Ogrodniki (Poland) – Lazdijai (Lithuania). Bus: Long-distance services run regularly to Riga, Vilnius, Kaliningrad and St Petersburg. There are numerous excellent road links with all neighbouring countries. Eurolines (52 Grosvenor Gardens, London SW1W 0AU; tel: (08705) 143 219; website: www.eurolines.com) and National Express (Ensign Court, 4 Vicarage Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 3ES; tel: 08705 808 080; website: www.nationalexpress.com) run regular coach services from the UK to Estonia and other European cities. Passes: Travellers can either choose Mini-Pass breaks or book a 15-, 30- or 60-day pass. The six Mini-Passes give travellers the freedom to visit three cities, with prices starting from £55. Travellers can stay as long as they like in each city.
Travel Advice
Travel Advice
Most visits to Estonia are trouble-free but you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate international terrorist attacks, which could be against civilian targets, including places frequented by foreigners.In recent years, there have been several bomb attacks on buildings or vehicles in Estonia. While these were connected with organised crime, and not targeted at foreigners, travellers are advised to remain alert for suspect packages.This advice is based on information provided by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the UK. It is correct at time of publishing. As the situation can change rapidly, visitors are advised to contact the following organisations for the latest travel advice: British Foreign and Commonwealth Office Tel: (0845) 850 2829. Website: www.fco.gov.uk US Department of State Website: http://travel.state.gov/travel
ESTONIA
