Accommodation
Hotels
Owing to the present level of bed capacity, early reservation is absolutely necessary. Since independence, there has been a scramble from Western firms to turn the old state-run hotels into modern Western-standard enterprises. Several of the main hotels in Riga have been renovated in joint ventures with Western firms. A number of newer hotels, including representatives of the major international chain hotels, have recently opened. Many more such joint ventures with firms from all over Western Europe and the USA have ensured that the standard of accommodation in Latvia has reached Western European levels. Outside Riga, which for the time being is the main location of the current expansion in hotel accommodation, Latvia enjoys a good range of modest accommodation, left over from the pre-independence days, including large hotels and smaller pension-type establishments.
Rural accommodation
Advice on farm holidays, bed & breakfast and self-catering cottages may be obtained from the Latvian Country Tourism Association, see Accommodation Information.
Camping
Most of Latvia’s campsites are located along main highways and the Gulf of Riga, especially the resort of Jurmala. For more details, contact the Latvian Camping Association (see Accommodation Information), the Latvian Embassy or the Tourist Office (see Top Things To Do).
Youth hostels
There are 10 hostels in the network. Information on youth accommodation is available from Hostelling Latvia (see Accommodation Information).
Accommodation Information
Hotels in LatviaA. Èaka iela 55-218, LV-1011 Riga, LatviaTel: 701 4131.Website: www.hotelsinlatvia.lv Latvian Country Tourism AssociationKugu iela 11, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia Tel: 761 7600. Website: www.celotajs.lvLatvian Camping AssociationAlksnu iela 30, Jurmala, LatviaTel: 773 2350.Website: www.camping.lvHostelling Latvia Tel: 921 8560. Website: www.hostellinglatvia.com
Business
• GDP: US$14 billion (2004).• Main exports: Timber and wood products, fish and fish products.• Main imports: Machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels and vehicles.•
Main trade partners: EU (mainly Germany, Sweden, Lithuania and UK) and Russia.
Economy
With few raw materials, the Latvian economy is principally dependent on producing manufactured goods from imported materials. Key industries include vehicle and railway rolling stock manufacture, electronics, and the production of fertilisers, chemicals, timber and wood products, light machinery and food processing, which draws on Latvia’s own dairy and fisheries products as well as imported raw materials from the Russian Federation. The infrastructure is, in common with the other Baltic States, comparatively well developed. Latvia relies on power supplies from its Baltic neighbours and on imported fuel from the Russian Federation to meet its energy needs; energy imports account for one-third of Latvia’s total import bill. Through the Ventsplils Nafta terminal on the Baltic coast, Latvia is one of the major outlets for Russian oil exports. In the service sector, Riga is now an important regional financial centre. Latvia has pursued economic reform in a gradual manner. The government’s reform programme during the 1990s was limited by political opposition which prevented, for example, the sale of major state enterprises. The economy performed steadily during most of the 1990s, although the effects of the immediate post-Soviet period and the 1998 Russian economic crisis meant there was an overall contraction between 1990 and 2000 of about 20 per cent. Since 2000, annual growth has accelerated to its current level of about 8.5 per cent, possibly conferring on Latvia the status of a ‘Baltic tiger’. The country introduced its own currency, the Lat, in 1993: this is now the sole legal tender. The following year, a free trade zone was established with Estonia and Lithuania. In June 1995, Latvia signed an Association Agreement with the European Union, as the first stage on the path towards joining the EU – a major objective of successive governments since independence. Negotiations proceeded more rapidly and successfully than had been expected, and Latvia was able to join the EU, along with nine other countries (including both of Latvia’s Baltic neighbours), on 1 May 2004. Latvia had previously been admitted to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1991, then in 1996 to the World Bank and IMF (which in 2001 provided a loan of US$40 million to finance structural reforms). The EU – especially Germany, Sweden and Finland – now accounts for half of total Latvian trade; the Russian Federation and the other Baltic states are the other main trade partners.
Business Etiquette
Business cards are exchanged. Appointments should be arranged in advance. In general, business is conducted in a fairly formal manner. Office hours: Mon-Fri 0830-1730.
Commercial Information
Latvian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryValdemara Street 35, Riga LV-1010, Latvia Tel: 722 5595. Website: www.chamber.lvLatvian Development AgencyPerses iela 2, Riga LV-1042, LatviaTel: 703 9400. Website: www.lda.gov.lvThe Association of Latvian Travel Agents (Information on Conferences/Conventions)PO Box 59, Riga LV-1010, Latvia Tel: 721 0065.Website: www.alta.net.lv
Climate
Climate
Temperate climate, but with considerable temperature variations. Summer is warm with relatively mild weather in spring and autumn. Winter, which lasts from November to mid-March, can be very cold. Rainfall is distributed throughout the year with the heaviest rainfall in August. Snowfall is common in the winter months.
Required clothing
Light- to mediumweights are worn during summer months. Medium- to heavyweights are needed during winter. Rainwear is advisable all year.
Communications
Telephone
IDD is available. Country code: 371. Directory enquiries: 09. International calls can be made from telephone booths. Payphones are operated by phonecards which can be purchased at kiosks, post offices and in some shops.
Mobile telephone
Roaming agreements exist with international mobile phone companies. Coverage is mostly good. It is illegal to use a mobile phone while driving.
Internet
There are many Internet cafes in Riga and some in other towns.
Post
The main post office is at Brivibas bulvaris 19 (open 24 hours). Postboxes are yellow. Airmail to Western Europe takes five to seven days. Post office hours: Mon-Fri 0900-1800 and Sat 0900-1300.
MEDIA
The media operate freely with few legal restrictions on their work. Press: There are Latvian and Russian newspapers –
Diena, Neatkariga Rita Avize and Vakara Zinas being the most popular Latvian titles. TV: Latvian Television (LTV) is a publicly owned channel which operates LTV1 and LTV7. Latvian Independent Television (LNT) is the main commercial terrestrial channel.Radio: The privately owned Latvian Radio operates four national networks.
Duty Free
The following goods may be imported into Latvia without incurring customs duty by persons aged 17 years and over arriving from countries outside the EU: 200 cigarettes, 100 cigarillos, 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco; 1l of alcoholic beverages exceeding 22 per cent volume, up to 2l of spirits or aperitifs less than 22 per cent volume; 2l of still wine; up to 50g of perfume; 250g of eau de toilette; medication for personal use up to three months, provided it is accompanied by documentary confirmation; other goods up to a value of &Euro;175.
Prohibited items
Narcotics; guns and ammunition (without a police import permit).
Note
(a) It is advisable to declare expensive items such as jewellery and furs. (b) A certificate must be obtained from the Latvian authorities in order to export pieces of art over 50 years old.
Abolition of duty free goods within the EU
On 30 June 1999, the sale of duty free alcohol and tobacco at airports and at sea was abolished in all of the original 15 EU member states. Of the 10 new member states that joined the EU on 1 May 2004, these rules already apply to Cyprus and Malta. There are transitional rules in place for visitors returning to one of the original 15 EU countries from one of the other new EU countries. But for the original 15, plus Cyprus and Malta, there are no limits imposed on importing tobacco and alcohol products from one EU country to another. Travellers should note that they may be required to prove at customs that the goods purchased are for personal use only.
Entertainment
Food & Drink
Hors d’oeuvres are very good and often the best part of the meal. Overall, cuisine can be heavy but almost always tasty and nourishing. National specialities: •
Kotletes (meat patties).• Skabu kapostu zupa (cabbage soup).•
Alexander Torte (raspberry- or cranberry-filled pastry strips).• Sweetbread soup with dried fruit.• Piragi (pastry filled with bacon and onions).• Sorrel soup with boiled pork, onions, potatoes and barley. • There is a large selection of excellent dairy products on offer, such as skabs krejums (sour cream).National drinks: • Riga’s Black Balsam is a thick, black alcoholic liquid which has been produced since 1700. The exact recipe is a closely guarded secret, but some of the ingredients include ginger, oak bark, bitter orange peel and cognac. It is drunk either with coffee or mixed with vodka. • There are several good local beers, including the dark beer Bauskas Tumsais and the pale Gaisais.•
Kvass is a refreshing summer drink. • Sparkling wine is popular. Tipping: Taxi fares and restaurant bills usually include a tip. It is customary to give a little extra for good service.
Nightlife
Riga has a good range of excellent restaurants, bars and cafes.
Shopping
Amber is of high quality and a good buy. Other purchases include folk art, wicker work and earthenware. Shopping hours: Mon-Fri 0900/1000-1800/1900, Sat 0900/1000-1600/1700. Some smaller shops may be closed for an hour or two between 1200 and 1500 for lunch. Food shops open 0800/0900-2000/2100. Some shops are open 24 hours.
General Information
Area
64,589 sq km (24,938 sq miles).
Population
2.3 million (UN, 2005).
Population Density
35.6 per sq km.
Capital
Riga. Population: 739,232 (2003).
Geography
Latvia is situated on the Baltic coast and borders Estonia in the north, Lithuania in the south, the Russian Federation in the east and Belarus in the southeast. The coastal plain is mostly flat but, inland to the east, the land is hilly with forests and lakes. There are about 12,000 rivers in Latvia, the biggest being the River Daugava. The ports of Riga, Liepaja and Ventspils often freeze over during the winter.
Government
Republic. Gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Head of State: President Vaira Vike-Freiberga since 1999. Head of Government: Prime Minister Aigars Kalvitis since 2004. Recent history: The present administration is headed by Aigars Kalvitis, of the centre-right People's Party. He was appointed and approved by the Saiema (National Assembly) following the collapse of Indulis Emsis' coalition in October 2004. The President, who also chairs the Saiema, is Vaira Vike-Freiberga; she was elected to a second term in June 2003. Latvia joined the European Union in 2004. Under the current constitution, legislative power is vested in the elected 100-member Saiema (Supreme Council) which is elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. Executive power is held by the Prime Minister who heads an appointed Cabinet of Ministers. The Head of State, the President, is elected by - and chairs - the Saiema.
Language
Latvian is the official language. It is an Indo-European, non-Slavic and non-Germanic language and is similar only to Lithuanian. Russian is the mother tongue of over 30 per cent of the population and is understood by most people. English and German may also be understood.
Religion
Predominantly Protestant (Lutheran) with 19 per cent of the population being Roman Catholic. There is also a Russian Orthodox minority.
Electricity
220 volts AC, 50Hz. European-style two-pin plugs are in use.
Social Conventions
Handshaking is customary. Normal courtesies should be observed. The Latvians are somewhat reserved and formal, but nevertheless very hospitable. They are proud of their culture and visitors should take care to respect this sense of national identity.
Health
Health
Food & drink
Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised.
Other risks
Tick-borne encephalitis is present, particularly in forested areas. Campers and trekkers should wear protective clothing; immunisation is strongly advisable as reported cases have increased in recent years. Diphtheria and hepatitis A have been reported in the area. Diphyllobothriasis (fish tapeworm) can be ingested from freshwater fish caught around the Baltic Sea area. Tuberculosis has been reported and precautions are necessary. Trichinellosis has been reported after the consumption of contaminated pork products at the beginning of 2005. Ensure pork products are well cooked before consumption. Some types of fish may contain poisonous biotoxins even when cooked. Barracuda should never be eaten. Red Snapper, Grouper, Amberjack and Sea bass may also be affected. Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay. For more information, consult the Health appendix.
Health care
European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland: If you or any of your dependants are suddenly taken ill or have an accident during a visit to an EEA country or Switzerland, free or reduced-cost necessary treatment is available – in most cases on production of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Each country has different rules about state medical provision. In some, treatment is free. In many countries you will have to pay part or all of the cost, and then claim a full or partial refund. The EHIC gives access to state-provided medical treatment only and the scheme gives no entitlement to medical repatriation costs, nor does it cover ongoing illnesses of a non-urgent nature, so comprehensive travel insurance is advised. Note that the EHIC replaces the Form E111, which is no longer valid. Some restrictions apply, depending on your nationality. You will be charged a standard fee for seeing a doctor. Children under 18 and pregnant women getting treatment relating to their pregnancy will not be charged. Any dentist you see must be contracted with a Sickness Insurance Fund or with the Compulsory Health Insurance State Agency (Veselîbas obligâtâs apdroðînâðanas valsts agentûra). You will have to pay for most dental services. For children up to 18, most treatments are free. The dental surgery at Stabu iela 9 has an emergency service from 2000-0800. Medicines are prescribed by doctors and dispensed by pharmacies. You may have to pay a prescription charge. A full range of medicines is available at pharmacies; however, it is advisable to bring any medicines necessary, as instructions on the packet are in Latvian, and familiar brands may not be available. In an emergency you can go directly to a hospital. Otherwise, for in-patient treatment, you will need a referral from a GP or medical specialist. There is a hospital admission fee and a daily charge for in-patient treatment from the second day of an admission (up to a maximum limit). The reception of the City Clinical Hospital No 1 at Bruninieku iela 8 is open 24 hours. Ambulance travel is free provided it is requested by the public health service in an emergency. More information can be obtained from the Latvian Compulsory Health Insurance State Agency (VOAVA) (website: www.voava.gov.lv/eng/).
History and Government
History
The largest of the three Baltic Republics, Latvia has, like Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south, been an important trading centre and strategic pawn in the Baltic region. The various Latvian tribes were self-governing until the end of the 13th century when the territory was conquered by the German Teutonic Knights. Latvia was then subject to sporadic invasions by the Poles and the Swedes until the 18th century when Russia, under Peter the Great, emerged as a major European power. By 1795, the entire Latvian territory was under Russian control. The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 heralded the end of Russian suzerainty: this was decided at the 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk under which Russia was obliged to cede its Baltic territories. The Bolsheviks invaded Latvia the following year, but were driven out by a joint Latvian-German force. The Treaty of Versailles then forced the Germans to leave, allowing the Latvians to assert their independence for the first time in more than 600 years. However, World War II again threatened the country with foreign domination and, in 1940, the Russians took over once more. Latvia had, that same year, signed a bilateral non-aggression pact with the Germans and a pact with Moscow. The Russians were driven out by the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, but returned three years later, after which Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union along with Estonia and Lithuania as one of the 15 Soviet republics. The process that led eventually to Latvia’s present independence began with the accession of Mikhail Gorbachev as Soviet leader in 1985. Campaigning for democracy and independence began in earnest in October 1988 with the formation of the Popular Front of Latvia (LTF). In contrast with neighbouring Estonia, the Latvian Communist Party adopted an anti-reform stance and called for the establishment of presidential rule (by decree). At elections to the Supreme Soviet in March 1990, the Popular Front of Latvia won a convincing victory. The new Latvian Supreme Soviet thereupon adopted a series of resolutions to prepare the transition to full independence. The new state was quickly recognised internationally and re-admitted to the UN. Gradually, the trappings of sovereign statehood were assumed and, in March 1993, a new currency, the Lat, was introduced. Three months later, the first post-independence elections were held. These brought to power the first of a dozen governments which have held office in the country’s first decade of independence. The proportional representation system used by Latvia tends to promote coalition politics and, in the early stages of its post-Soviet order, any significant dispute has seemed sufficient to undermine a particular administration. Political parties emerge and fade with bewildering speed. The present administration is headed by Indulis Emsis, who was appointed and approved by the Saiema (national assembly) after Repse's government resigned in early 2004. Emsis's government is another centre-right government; a coalition of the Union of Famers and Greens (Emsis's own), the People's Party and the Latvia First Party. The president of the republic, who also chairs the Saiema, is Vaira Vike-Freiberga; she was elected to a second term in June 2003. Irrespective of their complexion, almost all Latvian parties agreed on two essential issues: that Latvia should join NATO and the European Union as soon as possible. Substantial progress has been made towards both objectives. The NATO issue is a delicate one, given that Latvia borders Russia: though initially hostile, it now appears that the Russians will concede the entry of all three Baltic states into the treaty and an invitation to join NATO was offered at the NATO summit in Prague in November 2002. Membership of the EU demanded at least a decade of major structural reforms to Latvia’s political and economic systems. The first steps were taken with the signing of an Association Agreement with the EU and, in 1995, admission to the Council of Europe. By the end of 2003, all the EU’s entrance criteria had been met. In 2003, the final hurdle of popular endorsement was overcome when a national referendum returned a two-thirds majority in favour. Latvia joined along with nine other applicants - including its Baltic neighbours - in May 2004. Other than the economy, the other major issue for the Latvian government concerns citizenship and relations between Latvians and ethnic Russians living in Latvia. The suppression of Latvian language and culture during the Soviet era has left a legacy of hostility which is only gradually being overcome, while Russians now feel subject to discrimination in certain areas. Though there has been no serious conflict between the communities, it remains a delicate issue.
Government
Under the current constitution, legislative power is vested in the elected 100-member Saiema (Supreme Council) which is elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. Executive power is held by the Prime Minister who heads an appointed cabinet of ministers. The head of state, the President, is elected by - and chairs - the Saiema.
Money
Currency
Latvian Lat (LVL) = 100 santims. Notes are in denominations of LVL500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. Coins are in denominations of LVL2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 santims.
Currency exchange
Bureaux de change are found all over main towns, including inside shops, hotels, post offices and train stations. These tend to close at 1900. Currency may also be obtained at ATMs in towns and cities. The most convenient currencies to exchange are the Euro and the US Dollar.
Credit & debit cards
American Express, Diners Club, Eurocard, JCB, MasterCard and Visa are accepted by most hotels, restaurants and supermarkets. Some shops in Riga also accept credit cards. Check with your credit or debit card company for details of merchant acceptability and other services which may be available.
Traveller's cheques
To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take traveller's cheques in US Dollars or Pounds Sterling.
Currency restrictions
There are no restrictions on the import and export of either local or foreign currency.
Exchange rate indicators
DateAt time of publishing£1.00=LVL1.04$1.00=LVL0.60
Banking hours
Mon-Fri 0900-1700. Some banks are open Sat 0900-1300.
OverviewII
Latvia is a small country on the Baltic Sea with ancient history and traditions. If you want to enjoy nature, there is not only the serene Gulf of Riga and the open Baltic Sea, but also nature parks, lakes and beautiful forests. In Old Riga, you will find not only fabulous architectural monuments but also various nightclubs and pubs. According to legend, once every 100 years, the devil rears his head from the waters of Riga's River Daugava and asks whether Riga is ‘ready’ yet. If the answer is ‘yes’, the now nearly 900-year-old city will be condemned to sink into the waters. Yet Latvia has resisted doom and disarray for centuries. The largest of the three Baltic Republics, Latvia has often been an important trading centre and strategic pawn in the Baltic region. The various Latvian tribes were self-governing until the end of the 13th century when conquered by the German Teutonic Knights. Latvia was then subject to sporadic invasions by the Poles and the Swedes until the 18th century when Russia, under Peter the Great, emerged as a major European power and subsumed Latvian territory. The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 heralded the end of Russian suzerainty. Once Germans were expelled too, Latvians asserted their independence for the first time in more than 600 years. However, World War II again threatened the country with foreign domination and, in 1940, the Russians took over once more. Latvia had, that same year, signed a bilateral non-aggression pact with the Germans and a pact with Moscow. The Russians were driven out by the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, but returned three years later, after which Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union along with Estonia and Lithuania as one of the 15 Soviet republics. The process that led eventually to Latvia’s present independence began with the accession of Mikhail Gorbachev as Soviet leader in 1985. What has remained since such recent times is a tricky relationship with the Russian Federation, which is shown in microcosm via ethnic Russians who live in Latvia. The suppression of Latvian language and culture during the Soviet era has left a legacy of hostility which is only gradually being overcome, but Russians now feel subject to discrimination in certain areas.For now, however, there is no chance of Latvia being 'ready' to sink. Long the Baltic favourite, it is now also beginning to emerge as a tourist destination further afield, championed as one of Europe's hidden treasures. Those who visit will appreciate the small picturesque medieval towns, country castles, museums and folk parks, ruined fortresses and, occasionally, grand palaces. They will also appreciate the little Latvian quirks still entrenched in customs, crafts and culture. Rather than sinking, Latvia is truly in ascension.
Passport/Visa
Passport/Visa
Passports
Passport valid for at least three months beyond length of stay required by all except:(a) 1. EU/EEA nationals (EU + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway) and Swiss nationals holding a valid national ID card. Note: EU and EEA nationals are only required to produce evidence of their EU/EEA nationality and identity in order to be admitted to any EU/EEA Member State. This evidence can take the form of a valid national passport or national identity card. Either is acceptable. Possession of a return ticket, any length of validity on their document, sufficient funds for the length of their proposed visit should not be imposed.
Visas
Required by all except the following for a stay of up to 90 days within any six-month period: (a) nationals of countries mentioned in the table and under passport exemptions above; (b) nationals of Andorra, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong (SAR), Israel, Korea (Rep), Macau (SAR), Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Romania, San Marino, Singapore, Switzerland, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela; (c) transit passengers continuing their journey by the same or first connecting aircraft, provided holding onward or return documentation and not leaving the airport, except citizens of: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Congo (Dem Rep), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iran, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia and Sri Lanka who must obtain an airport transit visa issued prior to arrival.
Note
Nationals of countries who require an airport transit visa can cross the transit zone without one provided that they: (a) hold a valid residence permit, entry visa or transit visa for Latvia; (b) hold a valid entry visa or residence permit issued by a member of the EU or Schengen Agreement; (c) hold a valid residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, USA and the Vatican City, guaranteeing the right to return; (d) the national is a crew member of an aeroplane or citizen of a country which is a member of the December 7th 1944 International Civil Aviation Convention.
Types of visa and cost
Short-term: £23 (single- and double-entry); £40 (multiple-entry). Visas for children under 16 are free of charge.
Note
There is no separate category for a ‘Business’ visa. If travelling to Latvia for business purposes, please consult the Embassy.
Validity
Short-term: from one day to 12 months. Transit: Three days (foreign sailors may be issued with a transit visa entitling them to remain in the country for five days).
Application to
Consulate (or Consular section at Embassy); see Passport/Visa Information.
Application requirements
(a) Passport valid for at least three months beyond expiry of visa, with at least two blank pages. (b) One completed application form. (c) One passport-size photo. (d) Valid travel health insurance policy guaranteeing coverage of costs associated with health care (except for nationals of Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Ukraine). (e) Fee, cash only. Short-term: (a)-(e) and, (f) An invitation to visit Latvia, approved by the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs at the Ministry of Interior in Riga (see below for address). Transit and Airport Transit: (a)-(e) and, (f) Valid visa for the country to be entered after Latvia, if required.
Note
(a) Additional documents, such as return or onward tickets, confirmed hotel reservation and proof of sufficient funds, may also be requested. (b) All invitations must be registered by the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs, Alunãna Str. 1, Riga LV-1050 (tel: 721 9656; website: www.pmlp.gov.lv).
Working days required
Usually seven; however in some cases processing may take longer.
Passport/Visa Information
Embassy of Latvia in the UK45 Nottingham Place, London W1U 5LY, UK Tel: (020) 7312 0040. Website: www.london.am.gov.lv Opening hours: Mon-Fri 0830-1700; 1000-1300 (consular section).Embassy of Latvia in the USA2306 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA Tel: (202) 328 2840. Website: www.latvia-usa.org Opening hours: Mon 1400-1600 and Tues-Thur 1000-1200.
Public Holidays
Public Holidays
Below are listed Public Holidays for the January 2006-June 2007 period. Jan 1 2006 New Year’s Day. Apr 14 Good Friday. Apr 17 Easter Monday. May 1 May Day. Jun 23 Ligo Day. Jun 24 St John’s Day (Summer Solstice). Nov 18 National Day (Proclamation of the Republic). Dec 25-26 Christmas (Winter Solstice). Dec 31 New Year’s Eve. Jan 1 2007 New Year’s Day. Apr 6 Good Friday. Apr 9 Easter Monday. May 1 May Day. Jun 23 Ligo Day. Jun 24 St John’s Day (Summer Solstice).
Resorts & Excursions
Riga
Situated on a sandy plain 15km (9 miles) from the mouth of the River Daugava, Riga is the capital of Latvia and is one of the most beautiful of the Baltic cities. According to legend, once every 100 years the devil rears his head from the waters of the River Daugava and asks whether Riga is ‘ready’ yet. If the answer were ‘yes’, the now nearly 900-year-old city would be doomed to sink into the Daugava. The Latvian capital is a major tourist attraction, and has excellent air, train and road connections. It is rich in history and culture with remarkable Gothic, Baroque, Classical and Art Nouveau buildings. The centre of the city is considered to contain the finest concentration of Art Nouveau buildings in Europe and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Old Riga contains a remarkable diversity of architectural styles, perhaps best epitomised by the Dome Cathedral. Begun in 1211, the building has been added to throughout the centuries, resulting in a fascinating blend of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Classical styles. The cathedral’s organ, with nearly 7000 pipes, is recognised as one of the world’s greatest musical instruments and concerts are regularly performed here. The numerous other historical buildings in Riga bear witness to Latvia’s chequered history. Since its restoration after World War I, the old quarter of the city has been a protected area. The one surviving town gate is the so-called Sweden Gate, whilst the symbol of Riga, the 137m- (450ft-) high tower of St Peter’s Church, rises above the city. The St John’s Church of the former Dominican monastery was built in the 14th century and is one of several interesting churches in this former Episcopal seat. Most of the structure dates back to the 15th century and was constructed in a mixture of Romanesque and Gothic styles. The Catholic St Jacob’s Church was built in 1226 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. The delightful Viestura Garden is ideal for relaxation. Its foundations were laid by Peter the Great who planted the first tree, an event commemorated by a flagstone in the park. Alexander Gate, the entrance to the park, was erected to mark the Russian victory over Napoleon’s army. It was in this park that the first Latvian Song Festival was held in 1873. At the end of the 18th century, Katharina II built the Peter and Paul Church north of the castle. Merchants’ houses from the Middle Ages such as the Three Brothers and the 24 warehouses in the old quarter are also picturesque examples of Latvian architecture. The residence of Peter I near the Cathedral has been dramatically altered and rebuilt. Riga has several museums including the Historical Museum of Latvia (founded in 1896), housed in the castle, and the Latvian Museum of Medicine, as well as two art galleries – the Museum of Foreign Art, which contains Flemish masterpieces, and the state Art Gallery of Latvia. The Riga Motor Museum displays the history of motor-car engineering, with veteran cars including rarities such as Stalin’s and Brezhnev’s private cars. In central Riga, the Freedom Monument (Brivibas Piemineklis) is a very significant site for Latvians. Built in 1935, the monument is a striking obelisk crowned by a female figure with upstretched arms holding three stars which represent the three historic regions of Latvia: Kurzeme, Latgale and Vidzeme. Reminiscent of the famous Statue of Liberty in New York, though much smaller at 42m (138ft), the statue ranks among the most distinguished monuments in Europe. Another place of interest is the Warriors’ Cemetery which was designed by the sculptor Zale, the architect Birznieks and the landscape gardener Zeidaks. Approximately 2000 graves from World War I are divided into three sections. Not far from the city is the open-air Latvian Ethnographic Museum. With buildings from all over the country, ranging from wooden churches to windmills, it covers traditional rural architecture from the 16th to the 19th centuries.
Elsewhere
Some 17km (11 miles) from the Latvian capital, the Baltic resort of Jurmala
– consisting of 12 small villages – extends over 30km (19 miles) along the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the River Lielupe. Fresh pine forest-scented air, sun and endless sandy beaches make this stretch of coast a particularly attractive holiday destination for all age groups. Drivers entering Jurmala need to purchase a special ticket; the fee is used to sponsor ecological programmes in the area. The area is connected by roads and the commuter railway, which takes about 15 minutes from Riga. Another Latvian health resort is Sigulda, about 53km (33 miles) from Riga. Situated on the picturesque banks of the River Gauja, the town has been established since the 13th century and attractions here include the ruins of the castle and local caves. In the National Park that is situated here, Turaida Castle (13th century) and its museum can be visited, as well as a sculpture park where Latvian folk poetry has been captured in stone. There is good downhill skiing in winter, and Sigulda is a popular boating spot in summer. The most important Baroque building is the Palace in Pilsrundale, about 77km (48 miles) south of Riga, near the Lithuanian border. This fine summer residence of the Dukes of Courland was designed by the Italian architect Rastrelli, who also designed the Winter Palace in St Petersburg – an outstanding blend of Baroque architecture and Rococo decorative art, with gardens modelled on those of Versailles. The surrounding park is excellent for long walks. Nature enthusiasts will enjoy the rich flora and fauna in the regions of Kurzeme, Latgale and Vidzeme, which are also favourites with hikers. Throughout the country, the landscape is dotted with picturesque villages such as Bauska, Cesis, Kolka and Talsi, where life generally follows a very relaxed pace amidst beautiful countryside. Nearby Kuldiga, situated on the banks of the River Venta, is Latvia’s highest waterfall and a favourite picnic spot.
Sport & Activities
Hiking
With approximately 10 per cent of its area below sea level, Latvia is characterised by wetlands, rivers and forests. Its highest point, in the Vidzeme Uplands, is only 311m (1020ft). The largely unspoilt landscape offers good opportunities for outdoor activities. In summer, hikers can take to the trails in the national parks and protected areas. Gauja National Park, located 32km (20 miles) north of Riga between Sigulda and Valmiera, is the country’s biggest. Covering an area of nearly 94km (58 miles) around the River Gauja, it features caves, rocks and dense woods. Wildlife includes elk, deer, brown bears and wolves. There are special nature trails to introduce walkers to the plants and animals. Kemeri National Park is also rich in flora and fauna. Other hiking trails include the Amber Trail along the western coast of Courland.
Birdwatching
Latvia’s wetlands and traditionally cultivated farmland attract significant populations of interesting and rare birds. The country’s many meadows and pastures are a prime habitat for the corncrake, now rare in other parts of Europe. White storks are common in agricultural areas near wetlands. Northern European birds such as red-throated and black-throated divers and Slavonian grebes breed in the open water. Reed marshes harbour bitterns and marsh harriers, while ospreys and the large white-tailed eagle can be seen by lakes and rivers. The forests contain a variety of birds including hazelhens, black storks, pygmy owls and three-toed woodpeckers. Local operators can arrange birdwatching trips. For more information, contact the Latvian Ornithological Society, AK 1010, Riga 1050 (tel: 722 1580; fax: 760 3100; e-mail: putni@lob.lv; website: www.lob.lv).
Watersports
These are widely practised on the rivers and lakes and on the coast. The River Gauja is a popular location for boating, with facilities available for accommodation and mooring. Canoeing is very popular on the Abava, Gauja and Salaca rivers, and in the Latgale lakes region. Along the coast, there are yacht harbours. Freshwater and sea fishing are very popular. Catches include perch, pike, salmon, eel and herring.
Top Things To See & Do
Top things to see & do
• Visit the capital, Riga, and be dazzled by its rich history and culture, reflected in its remarkable range of architectural styles, with Gothic, Baroque, Classical and Art Nouveau buildings. The centre of the city is considered to contain the finest concentration of Art Nouveau buildings in Europe and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Old Riga contains a remarkable diversity of architectural styles, perhaps best epitomised by the Dome Cathedral. The cathedral’s organ, with nearly 7000 pipes, is recognised as one of the world’s greatest musical instruments and concerts are regularly performed here. The numerous other historical buildings in Riga bear witness to Latvia’s chequered history. Since its restoration after World War I, the old quarter of the city has been a protected area. The one surviving town gate is the so-called Sweden Gate, whilst the symbol of Riga, the 137m- (450ft-) high tower of St Peter’s Church, rises above the city. The St John’s Church of the former Dominican monastery was built in the 14th century and is one of several interesting churches in this former Episcopal seat. The Catholic St Jacob’s Church was built in 1226 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. The delightful Viestura Garden is ideal for relaxation. Its foundations were laid by Peter the Great who planted the first tree, an event commemorated by a flagstone in the park. Alexander Gate, the entrance to the park, was erected to mark the Russian victory over Napoleon’s army. At the end of the 18th century, Katharina II built the Peter and Paul Church north of the castle. Merchants’ houses from the Middle Ages such as the Three Brothers and the 24 warehouses in the old quarter are also picturesque examples of Latvian architecture. The residence of Peter I near the Cathedral has been dramatically altered and rebuilt. In central Riga, the Freedom Monument (Brivibas Piemineklis) is a very significant site for Latvians. Built in 1935, the monument is a striking obelisk crowned by a female figure with upstretched arms holding three stars which represent the three historic regions of Latvia: Kurzeme, Latgale and Vidzeme. Reminiscent of the famous Statue of Liberty in New York, though much smaller at 42m (138ft), the statue ranks among the most distinguished monuments in Europe. Another place of interest is the Warriors’ Cemetery which was designed by the sculptor Zale, the architect Birznieks and the landscape gardener Zeidaks. Approximately 2000 graves from World War I are divided into three sections. • Luxuriate in the health resort that is Sigulda, about 53km (33 miles) from Riga. Situated on the picturesque banks of the River Gauja, the town has been established since the 13th century and attractions here include the ruins of the castle and local caves. In the National Park that is situated here, Turaida Castle (13th century) and its museum can be visited, as well as a sculpture park where Latvian folk poetry has been captured in stone. There is good downhill skiing in winter, and Sigulda is a popular boating spot in summer. • Nature enthusiasts will enjoy the rich flora and fauna in the regions of Kurzeme, Latgale and Vidzeme, which are also favourites with hikers. Throughout the country, the landscape is dotted with picturesque villages such as Bauska, Cesis, Kolka and Talsi, where life generally follows a very relaxed pace amidst beautiful countryside. In summer, hikers can take to the trails in the national parks and protected areas. Gauja National Park, located 32km (20 miles) north of Riga between Sigulda and Valmiera, is the country’s biggest. Covering an area of nearly 94km (58 miles) around the River Gauja, it features caves, rocks and dense woods. Wildlife includes elk, deer, brown bears and wolves. There are special nature trails to introduce walkers to the plants and animals. Kemeri National Park is also rich in flora and fauna. Other hiking trails include the Amber Trail along the western coast of Courland.•
Picnic besides Latvia’s highest waterfall at Kuldiga, situated on the banks of the River Venta. • Go birdwatching since Latvia’s wetlands and traditionally cultivated farmland attract significant populations of interesting and rare birds. The country’s many meadows and pastures are a prime habitat for the corncrake, now rare in other parts of Europe. White storks are common in agricultural areas near wetlands. Northern European birds such as red-throated and black-throated divers and Slavonian grebes breed in the open water. Reed marshes harbour bitterns and marsh harriers, while ospreys and the large white-tailed eagle can be seen by lakes and rivers. The forests contain a variety of birds including hazelhens, black storks, pygmy owls and three-toed woodpeckers. Local operators can arrange birdwatching trips. For more information, contact the Latvian Ornithological Society, AK 1010, Riga 1050 (tel: 722 1580; website: www.lob.lv).• Holiday in the Jurmala region, which abounds with fresh pine forest-scented air, sun and endless sandy beaches, with an appeal for all age groups. Drivers entering Jurmala need to purchase a special ticket; the fee is used to sponsor ecological programmes in the area. The area is connected by roads and the commuter railway, which takes about 15 minutes from Riga.
Tourist Information
Latvia Tourism Development AgencyPils Lauqums 4, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia Tel: 722 9945. Website: www.latviatourism.lv
Travel - Internal
Rail
Latvia’s reasonably well-developed rail network includes routes from Riga to all other major towns in the country. The railway terminal is at Stacijas laukums. For information about trains, contact LDZ (tel: 723 4940 or 4208; website: www.ldz.lv).
Road
There are reasonable connections to all parts of the country from Riga. Traffic drives on the right. Bus: Buses are a better form of transport than trains in Latvia. The Central Bus Station is at Pragas iela 1. Car hire: Available through hotels and directly from car hire companies, reservations are recommended. Drivers can also be hired. Traffic regulations: Seat belts must be worn. Speed limits on highways are 90kph (56mph) and 50kph (32mph) in cities. It is compulsory to drive with headlights on 24 hours a day all year round. The consumption of alcohol by drivers is strictly forbidden as is the use of mobile telephones while driving. Documentation: European nationals should be in possession of an EU pink format licence, otherwise an International Driving Permit is required.
Urban
Public transport in Riga runs from 0530-0000. Taxis in Riga are cheap, but prices are rising. All taxis are now privately run and all have meters. There is a 50 per cent surcharge at night. All parts of the city can also be reached by bus, tram and trolleybus. Tickets should be bought on board from the conductor and retained for inspection. Share-taxis (taksobussi) also operate but are slightly more expensive than ordinary buses. Fines for fare dodging are common.
Travel - International
Air
Airlines serving Riga include Austrian Airlines (website: www.ava.com), British Airways (website: www.british-airways.com), Czech Airlines (website: www.csa.cz), Finnair (website: www.finnair.com), LOT Polish Airlines (website: www.lot.com.pl), Lufthansa (website: www.lufthansa.com) and SAS (website: www.scandinavian.net).
Approximate flight times
From Riga to Frankfurt/M is two hours 10 minutes, to London is two hours 30 minutes, and to New York is approximately 14 hours (via Helsinki).
Main airports
Riga (RIX) (Spilve) is 8km (5 miles) from the city. To/from the airport: Bus no. 22 runs every 20 to 30 minutes to the city centre (0530-2240), costing LVL 0.20 (travel time - 30 minutes). Bus no. 22a runs to various hotels in the city. Several hotels provide a shuutle bus to and from the airport. Taxis are also available, costing LVL 0.40 plus LVL 0.35 per kilometre, taxis to the city centre cost around LVL5 (travel time – 15 minutes). Facilities: Duty free shop, car hire, restaurant, bar/cafe and post office. There is an international airport at Liepaja (LPX), with flights to Europe and CIS countries.
Departure tax
None.
Sea
Main ports: Liepaja, Riga and Ventspils. There are ferry connections from Riga to Stockholm with Monolines (travel time – 18 hours) and to Köln in Germany. There are direct ferries from Travemunde in Germany and Stockholm in Sweden. There are also connections from Liepaja to Rostock in Germany and to Karlshamm in Sweden. Ships run regularly from Ventspils to Vöstervik in Sweden. Several shipping lines run cruises on the Baltic Sea calling at Riga.
Rail
Latvia has links with Belarus, the Russian Federation, Estonia to the north, and Lithuania to the south. The main route into Western Europe runs from Riga to Berlin via Warsaw and Vilnius.
Road
The road network is relatively well developed and there are good routes through to Belarus and to the neighbouring two Baltic Republics. Entry by car is possible from the Russian Federation, Estonia, Belarus or Lithuania. Border posts between Poland and Lithuania: Ogrodniki–Lazdijai; between Poland and Belarus: Terespol–Brest. Recent changes in Eastern Europe have opened a new highway through the Baltic countries, known as the Via Baltica. To drive along the Via Baltica is to discover places that were closed to Western tourists for decades. Services along this highly attractive route are improving all the time. Both the road network and signposting are being modernised; the service station network is represented by both local and foreign companies (many of which are open 24 hours). Eurolines, departing from Victoria Coach Station in London, serves destinations in Latvia. For further information, contact Eurolines (website: www.eurolines.com or www.gobycoach.com).
Travel Advice
Most visits to Latvia are trouble-free but you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate international terrorist attacks, which could be against civilian targets, including places frequented by foreigners.This advice is based on information provided by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the UK. It is correct at time of publishing. As the situation can change rapidly, visitors are advised to contact the following organisations for the latest travel advice: British Foreign and Commonwealth Office Tel: (0845) 850 2829. Website: www.fco.gov.uk US Department of State Website: http://travel.state.gov/travel
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LATVIA
